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How to Manage Pests
Identification: Natural Enemies Gallery—Listed by Scientific Name
Predators
Insect parasites (parasitoids)
The UC IPM Natural Enemies Gallery includes natural enemy species commonly found on California farms and in
landscapes. Additional species will be added over time.
Natural enemies are organisms that kill, decrease the reproductive potential, or otherwise reduce the numbers
of another organism. Natural enemies that limit pests are key components of integrated pest management programs.
Important natural enemies of insect and mite pests include predators, parasites, and pathogens.
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| Predators: A predator is an organism that attacks, kills, and feeds
on several to many other individuals (its prey) in its lifetime. |
| Scientific name |
Common name |
| Aphidoletes aphidimyza |
Predaceous midge or aphid midge |
| Anthocoris spp. |
Minute pirate bugs |
| Araneae order |
Spiders |
| Cantharidae family |
Soldier beetles |
| Carabidae family |
Predaceous ground beetle |
| Chilocorus orbus |
Twicestabbed lady beetle |
| Chrysopa spp. |
Green lacewings |
| Chrysoperla spp. |
Green lacewings |
| Coccinella septempunctata | Sevenspotted lady beetle |
| Cryptolaemus montrouzieri |
Mealybug destroyer |
| Geocoris spp. |
Bigeyed bugs |
| Harmonia axyridis |
Multicolored Asian lady beetle |
| Hemerobius spp. |
Brown lacewings |
| Hippodamia convergens |
Convergent lady beetle |
| Mantidae Family (Order Mantodea) |
Mantids, praying mantids |
| Galendromus occidentalis |
Western predatory mite |
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Nabis spp.
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Damsel bugs |
| Orius spp. |
Minute pirate bugs |
| Phytoseiulus persimilis |
Phytoseiulus persimilis |
| Reduviidae Family (Order Hemiptera) |
Assassin bugs |
| Rodolia cardinalis |
Vedalia beetle |
| Rumina decollata |
Decollate snail |
| Scolothrips sexmaculatus |
Sixspotted thrips |
| Sinea diadema |
Spined assassin bug |
| Syrphidae Family (Order Diptera) |
Syrphid flies |
| Zelus renardii |
Leafhopper assassin bug |
| Insect parasites (parasitoids): Larval
stages of insect parasites parasitize other insects, killing their hosts just as they mature. Adults are free-living
wasps or flies. |
| Scientific name |
Common name |
| Anaphes iole, Anaphes nitens, and other Anaphes spp. |
Anaphes species |
| Aphidius spp. |
Aphidius species |
| Aphytis spp. |
Aphytis spp., armored scale parasites |
| Bracon cushmani |
Bracon cushmani, grape leaffolder parasite |
| Cotesia medicaginis |
Cotesia medicaginis, alfalfa butterfly parasite |
| Cryptochaetum iceryae |
Cottony cushion scale parasite |
| Encarsia formosa |
Encarsia formosa, whitefly parasite |
| Erynniopsis antennata |
Elm leaf beetle parasite |
| Hyposoter exigua |
Hyposoter exigua, caterpillar parasite |
| Leptomastix dactylopii |
Citrus mealybug parasite |
| Lysiphlebus testaceipes |
Lysiphlebus testaceipes, aphid parasite |
| Tachinidae Family (Order Diptera) |
Tachinid flies |
| Trioxys pallidus |
Trioxys pallidus, walnut aphid parasite |
| Trichogramma spp. |
Trichogramma spp., egg parasite |
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