|
|
How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Citrus
California Orangedog
Scientific Name: Papilio zelicaon
(Reviewed 7/03,
updated 7/05)
In this Guideline:
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION OF THE PEST
The California orangedog, or black anise
swallowtail, is a native butterfly that feeds on both perennial anise (sweet
fennel) and citrus. During its development, the caterpillar changes from a mottled brown to a whitish green and bright
green with yellow and black spots on each segment. Mature larvae are about 1.5
inch (3.7 cm) long. When disturbed, all larval stages stick out orange-colored scent glands and give off a
strong odor.
DAMAGE
Orangedog caterpillars feed on tender citrus leaves, occasionally
defoliating young trees but rarely causing economic damage in mature orchards.
MANAGEMENT
Management of California orangedog may occasionally be necessary in
young orchards. Use selective (i.e., those that are toxic only to a narrow
group of insects) insecticides to conserve populations of natural enemies.
Biological Control
Parasites are often highly effective in controlling California
orangedog, especially the wasp Hyposoter sp.
Cultural Control
California orangedog prefers sweet fennel, which may be interplanted as
a trap crop in strips with citrus and mowed regularly after the egg-laying peak
in each generation.
Organically Acceptable Methods
Biological and cultural controls and sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis are organically acceptable methods.
Monitoring and Treatment Decisions
If treatment is needed for infestations of California orangedog on
immature trees, Bacillus thuringiensis generally
provides sufficient control.
| Common name |
Amount to Use |
Minimum Days before Harvest+ |
| (trade name) |
(type of coverage)** |
|
|
| A. |
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ssp. KURSTAKI# |
| |
(various) |
Label rates |
4 hours |
| |
RANGE OF ACTIVITY:
Narrow (caterpillars)
|
| |
PERSISTENCE:
Short
|
| |
COMMENTS: Can be used during bloom. Timing is important
because of short residual period. Use lower rates for younger worms or
smaller trees. Apply only during warm dry weather to control young, actively
feeding worms. Use reduced wind velocity and drive 3 mph.
|
| |
|
|
|
| B. |
CRYOLITE |
|
|
| |
(Prokil Cryolite) 96 |
8–20 lb/acre (OC) |
15 |
| |
(Kryocide) 96 WP |
8–20 lb/acre (OC) |
|
| |
RANGE OF ACTIVITY:
Narrow (foliage feeders such as worms, katydids, and Fuller rose beetle)
|
| |
PERSISTENCE:
Long, unless washed off by rain.
|
| |
COMMENTS: Check label for variety. Use higher rate for larger
trees. Slow-acting stomach poison that may take several days of warm weather
to kill worms. Use reduced wind velocity and a speed of 3 mph. Do not exceed
90 lb/acre/season.
|
| |
|
UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Citrus
UC ANR Publication 3441
Insects, Mites, and Snails
E. E. Grafton-Cardwell, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier
J. G. Morse, Entomology, UC Riverside
N. V. OConnell, UC Cooperative Extension, Tulare Co.
P. A. Phillips, UC IPM Program, UC Cooperative Extension, Ventura Co.
C. E. Kallsen, UC Cooperative Extension, Kern Co.
D. R. Haviland, UC Cooperative Extension, Kern Co.
Acknowledgments for contributions to the insect, mite, and snail section:
J. Barcinas, E. S. I., Corona, CA
R. Dunn, Badger Farming Co., Exeter, CA
J. Gorden, Pest Management Associates, Exeter, CA
H. Griffiths, E. S. I., Corona, CA
D. Machlitt, Consulting Entomology Services, Moorpark, CA
C. Musgrove, retired entomologist, Riverside, CA
K. Olsen, S & J Ranch, Pinedale, CA
T. Roberts, E. S. I., Corona, CA
J. Stewart, Pest Management Associates, Exeter, CA
P. Washburn, Washburn & Sons Citrus Pest Control, Riverside, CA
Top of page
|