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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Citrus
Citrus Bud Mite
Scientific Name: Eriophyes sheldoni
(Reviewed 9/08,
updated 9/08)
In this Guideline:
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Citrus bud mite is very small,
elongated and somewhat tapered at the posterior end, and has four legs at the
front end near the mouth. Adult females lay about 50 eggs mostly in the bud
scales of recent growth. Populations peak in summer, and summer and fall blooms
are most likely to suffer damage.
Citrus bud mite is primarily a pest of coastal lemons but in recent
years has also been found in interior regions of southern California. The mites
feed inside the buds, killing them or causing a rosettelike growth of the
subsequent foliage and distortion of flowers and fruit, which may or may
not reduce yield and/or fruit
quality.
Recent research has failed to show any consistent impact from bud
mite feeding under current oil treatment regimes, especially in Lisbon lemons
and is thought to be offset by the negative phytotoxic effects of oil. Research
has also yet to be done to determine if abamectin plus oil treatments of bud
mite are economically justified. To detect bud mites before damage occurs,
check buds on green angular twigs from mid-spring to autumn. Collect one bud
from each of 50 randomly chosen trees throughout the orchard. Dissect the buds
under a microscope or use a 20X hand lens to determine the percent of buds
infested with one or more live mites. As an alternative to dissecting buds, bud
infestation can be estimated from infested fruit buttons. Collect one green
fruit, about 1.25 to 2 inches in diameter, from 50 trees scattered throughout
the orchard. Remove the button and record whether the button or the fruit
beneath the button is infested with live bud mites. The relationship between
fruit and bud infestations is not linear, but a fruit infestation of 15 to 20%
indicates a bud infestation of about 45 to 50%.
No bud mite threshold had been established; levels as high as 80%
bud infestation have failed to cause consistent or predictable economic losses.
If a reduction in bud mite populations is desired, apply treatments 2 to 3
months before the bloom that is to be protected.
| Common name |
Amount to Use |
R.E.I.+ |
P.H.I.+ |
| (trade name) |
(type of coverage)** |
(hours) |
(days) |
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| The following materials are listed in order of usefulness in an IPM program, taking into account efficacy and impact on natural enemies and honey bees. When choosing a pesticide, also consider information relating to environmental impact. Not all registered pesticides are listed. Always read label of product being used. |
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| A. |
FENBUTATIN OXIDE* |
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(Vendex) 50W |
1–2 lb/acre (LV) |
48 |
7 |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: narrow (mites); Natural enemies: predatory mites |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: short; Natural enemies: short |
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MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 12B |
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. . . PLUS . . . |
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NARROW RANGE OIL |
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(415, 440) |
10 gal/acre (LV) |
4 |
when dry |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: broad (unprotected stages of insects/mites); Natural enemies: most |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: short; Natural enemies: short |
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MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects. |
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COMMENTS: Do not apply during bloom. To help prevent development
of resistance, alternate with dilute oil sprays. Potential of phytotoxicity
to leaves, especially if applied during hot weather. Caution: Serious hazards are associated with oil
treatments to green lemons because of phytotoxicity after sweating; check label for preharvest interval. |
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| B. |
ABAMECTIN* |
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(Agri-Mek, etc.) |
10 fl oz/acre (OC or IC) |
12 |
7 |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: intermediate (citrus thrips, mites, leafminers); Natural enemies: predatory mites and thrips |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: intermediate; Natural enemies: intermediate |
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MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 6 |
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. . . PLUS . . . |
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NARROW RANGE OIL |
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(415) |
0.25–1% |
4 |
when dry |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: broad (unprotected stages of insects/mites); Natural enemies: most |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: short; Natural enemies: short |
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MODE OF ACTION: Improves translaminar movement and persistence of insecticide. |
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COMMENTS: For use on all varieties. Apply in 500–1,000 gal/acre. |
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| C. |
NARROW RANGE OIL (UR 92%) |
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(415, 440) |
1.2–1.4% (TC) |
4 |
when dry |
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. . . or . . . |
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NARROW RANGE OIL (UR 99%) |
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(415, 435, 440, 455) |
1.2–1.4% (TC) |
4 |
when dry |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: broad (unprotected stages of insects/mites); Natural enemies: most |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: short; Natural enemies: short |
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MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects. |
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COMMENTS: Can apply anytime between March and Nov. Caution: Serious hazards are associated with oil
treatments to green lemons because of phytotoxicity after sweating; check label for preharvest interval. |
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| D. |
CHLORPYRIFOS* |
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(Lorsban) 4E |
0.5 pt/100 gal (OC or IC) |
5 days |
see comments |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: broad (many insects); Natural enemies: most |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: short (low rates), intermediate (high rates); Natural enemies: short (low rates), intermediate (high rates) |
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MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1B |
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. . . PLUS . . . |
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NARROW RANGE OIL |
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(415) |
0.5–1.4% |
4 |
when dry |
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RANGE OF ACTIVITY: Pests: broad (unprotected stages of insects/mites); Natural enemies: most |
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PERSISTENCE: Pests: short; Natural enemies: short |
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MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects; also improves translaminar movement and insecticide persistence. |
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COMMENTS: Addition of chlorpyrifos to dilute oil gives faster
control than oil alone, but rate of control for subsequent applications will
diminish as resistance develops. It also causes thrips outbreaks, especially
if used early season, and may lead to ridging of fruit. Apply this material
in Sept.-Oct. only if several pests, such as citrus rust mite, citrus thrips,
and ants, need to be controlled in addition to citrus bud mite. Do not apply
chlorpyrifos in combination with spray oil when temperatures are expected to
exceed 95°F (85–90°F in coastal areas). P.H.I. is 21 days for up to 7
pt of chlorpyrifos/acre or 35 days for rates above 7 pt/acre. Caution: Serious hazards are associated with oil
treatments to green lemons because of phytotoxicity after sweating; check label for preharvest interval. |
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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Citrus
UC ANR Publication 3441
Insects, Mites, and Snails
E. E. Grafton-Cardwell, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier
J. G. Morse, Entomology, UC Riverside
N. V. O‘Connell, UC Cooperative Extension, Tulare County
P. A. Phillips, UC IPM Program, UC Cooperative Extension, Ventura County
C. E. Kallsen, UC Cooperative Extension, Kern County
D. R. Haviland, UC Cooperative Extension, Kern County
Acknowledgments for contributions to Insect, Mites, and Snails:
J. Barcinas, E. S. I., Corona, CA
R. Dunn, Badger Farming County, Exeter, CA
J. Gorden, Pest Management Associates, Exeter, CA
H. Griffiths, E. S. I., Corona, CA
D. Machlitt, Consulting Entomology Services, Moorpark, CA
C. Musgrove, retired entomologist, Riverside, CA
K. Olsen, S & J Ranch, Pinedale, CA
T. Roberts, E. S. I., Corona, CA
J. Stewart, Pest Management Associates, Exeter, CA
P. Washburn, Washburn & Sons Citrus Pest Control, Riverside, CA
K. Godfrey, USDA Biological Control, Sacramento
D. Headrick, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
B. Faber, UC Cooperative Extension, Ventura County
J. Kabashima, UC Cooperative Extension, South Coast Research and Extension Center
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