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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Cole Crops
Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Cole Crops to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees
(Reviewed 6/07,
updated 6/07)
In this Guideline:
|
|
|
| Common name (trade name and formulation) |
Mode of action1 |
Selectivity2 (affected groups) |
Predatory mites3 |
General predators4 |
Parasites4 |
Honey bees5 |
Duration of impact to natural enemies6 |
| acephate (Orthene S) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
M/H |
I |
moderate |
| acetamiprid (Assail WP) |
4A |
moderate (sucking insects, larvae) |
—7 |
—8 |
— |
III |
moderate |
| Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai |
11.B1 |
narrow (caterpillars) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki |
11.B2 |
narrow (caterpillars) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| bifenthrin (Capture EC) |
3 |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
I-III9 |
long |
| carbaryl (Sevin bait) |
1A |
narrow (cutworms, armyworms) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| carbaryl (Sevin F, S) |
1A |
broad (insects, mites) |
M/H |
H |
H |
I10 |
long |
| carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus) |
1A |
broad (insects, mites) |
L |
H |
L |
I11 |
long |
| chlorpyrifos (Lorsban EC, WP) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
M |
H |
H |
I12 |
moderate |
| cryolite (Kryocide W) |
9A |
narrow (foliage chewing insects) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| cyromazine (Trigard WP) |
17 |
narrow (leafminers) |
L |
L |
L |
III |
short |
| diazinon (EC, WP) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
L |
H |
H |
I |
moderate to long |
| diazinon (granular) |
1B |
narrow (soil insects) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| dimethoate (EC) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
I |
long |
| emamectin benzoate (Proclaim) |
6 |
narrow (caterpillars) |
— |
— |
— |
III |
— |
| esfenvalerate (Asana) |
3 |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
M |
H |
I13 |
moderate |
| ethoprop (Mocap G) |
1B |
narrow (soil insects) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
— |
| ethoprop (Mocap EC) |
1B |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| imidacloprid (Admire Pro) |
4A |
narrow (sucking insects, beet armyworm, cutworms) |
— |
L |
— |
I14 |
— |
| imidacloprid (Provado F) |
4A |
narrow (sucking insects) |
— |
— |
H |
II |
short to moderate |
| indoxacarb (Avaunt) |
4A |
narrow (caterpillars) |
— |
— |
— |
I |
— |
| insecticidal soap (M-Pede) |
— |
broad (insects, mites) |
M |
M |
M |
IV |
short to none |
| methomyl (Lannate SP, LV) |
1A |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
III |
moderate |
| methoxyfenozide (Intrepid F) |
18A |
narrow (caterpillars) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| naled (Dibrom WP) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
I15 |
— |
| oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R SC) |
1B |
narrow (sucking insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
III |
moderate |
| petroleum oil |
— |
broad (exposed insects, mites) |
L |
L |
L |
III |
short to none |
| pymetrozine (Fulfill) |
9B |
narrow (aphids, whiteflies) |
— |
— |
— |
III |
— |
| spinosad (Entrust, Success) |
5 |
narrow (caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, scales, leafminers) |
L |
M16 |
L/M |
III |
short to moderate16 |
H = high M =
moderate L = low — = no information
| 1 |
Rotate chemicals with a different
mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same
mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season
to help prevent development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates
have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be
alternated
with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group
numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee).
For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/. |
| 2 |
Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites;
narrow means it affects only a few specific groups. |
| 3 |
Generally, toxicities are to
western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis.
|
| 4 |
Toxicities are averages of reported
effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a
specific chemical depends on the species of predator or
parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
|
| 5 |
Ratings are as follows: I = Do not
apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply
only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time
with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How
to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides , Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591. |
| 6 |
Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months. |
| 7 |
May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations. |
| 8 |
Acute toxicity low but reproductive capacity is impacted. |
| 9 |
If rate is less than 0.04 lb
a.i./acre, rating is III; if 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is II; if 0.06 lb a.i./acre, rating is I. |
| 10 |
If rate is 1 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is II. |
| 11 |
If rate is 1.5 lb a.i. or less and dilution not greater than 1:19, rating is II. |
| 12 |
If rate is 0.05 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III. |
| 13 |
If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II. |
| 14 |
If rate is 0.1 lb a.i./acre, rating is II. |
| 15 |
If rate is 0.5 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III. |
| 16 |
Toxic against some natural enemies
(predatory thrips, syrphid fly and lacewing larvae, beetles) when sprayed and up to 5-7 days after, especially for syrphid fly larvae. |
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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Cole Crops
UC ANR Publication 3442
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was
compiled based on research data and experience of University of California
scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute
to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H.
Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to
Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.
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