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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Corn

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Corn to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 1/06, updated 1/06)

In this Guideline:

Common name (trade name) Chemical class 1 Mode of action 2 Selectivity 3
(affected groups)		 Predatory mites 4 General predators 5 Parasites 5 Honey bees 6 Duration of impact to natural enemies 7
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawaii M 11.B1 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV None
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki M 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV None
carbaryl (Sevin) 50, 80 C 1A broad (insects, mites) L/H H H I Long
carbaryl (Sevin) XLR C 1A broad (insects, mites) L H H II long
carbaryl (Sevin) XLR Plus C 1A broad (insects, mites) L H L III long
carbaryl (Sevin) carbaryl bait C 1A — L L L IV short
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I moderate
clothianidin (Poncho) N 4A narrow (soil insects) — — — IV —
diazinon OP 1B broad (insects, mites) L H H I moderate to long
dimethoate (Cygon) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I long
disulfoton (Di-Syston) OP 1B broad (insect, mites) H H H III —
endosulfan (Thiodan) OC 2A broad (insects, mites) L M M III short
esfenvalerate (Asana) P 3 broad (insect, mites) H M H I moderate
indoxacarb (Avaunt) OX 22 narrow (caterpillars) — L L I moderate
insecticidal soaps CON — broad (exposed insects, mites) M M M IV short to none
malathion OP 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H II moderate
methomyl (Lannate) C 1A broad (insects, mites) H H H III moderate
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) IGR 18 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) P 3 broad (insects, mites) L H H I long
petroleum oils CON — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L III short to none
propargite (Omite) — 14 narrow (pest mites) M8 L L IV short
spinosad (Entrust, Success) M 5 narrow (caterpillars, thrips, aphids, leafminers) L M9 L/M III short to moderate
spiromesifen (Oberon) — 23 narrow (mites) — — — IV  
thiamethoxam (Cruiser) N 4A narrow (sucking insects) —10 — M I moderate
H = highM = moderate L = low — = no information
1  Chemical class: B = botanical; C = carbamate; CA = carboxamide; CE = carboxylic acid ester; CON = contact including smothering and barrier effect; I = inorganic; IGR = insect growth regulator; M = microbial; OC = organochlorine; OP = organophosphate; OS = organosulfur; OT = organotin; OX=oxadiazine; P = pyrethroid; T = tetrazine
2 Modes of action are important in preventing the development of resistance to pesticides. Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action group number more than twice per season. For example, the organophosphates have a group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a group number other than 1B. Mode of action is assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org.
3  Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
4 Generally, toxicites are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
5 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
6 Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. If marked with an asterisk (*), the rating is the next higher rating for low label rates. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW518 (pdf 172k).
7 Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
8 Use lowest rates for best management of western predatory mite/spider mite ratio
9 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larva, beetles) when sprayed and shortly after (8-24 hrs.).
10  May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Corn
UC ANR Publication 3443
General Information
Acknowledgments: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists working on a variety of crops.

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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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