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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries
Shore Fly
Scientific name: Scatella stagnalis
(Reviewed 1/04,
updated 1/04)
In this Guideline:
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PEST
This fly breeds in overwatered conditions in association with algae. The adult
is small (2 mm) and dark. The overall appearance is similar to a fruit fly;
having short antennae and shorter legs than fungus gnats. The pair of dark
wings has three white spots on each wing. When the fly is at rest, there
appears to be five spots because the wings overlap.
Small, oblong eggs are laid in algal scum where larvae feed. Shore fly larvae
have no distinct head capsule, and the body is opaque yellow, white, or brown.
Both the dark brown pupa and the larva have a forked air tube at the rear end.
DAMAGE
Large populations of shore flies can be a nuisance. Neither the adults nor
larvae feed on plants. However, adult
shore flies have been implicated in the spread of fungal spores in greenhouses.
Fecal spots on leaves produced by resting adults can cause cosmetic damage to
plants.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Biological control of shore flies has not been investigated.
CULTURAL CONTROL
Do not overwater. Control algae growing underneath benches, along irrigation
lines, and in drainage areas with hydrated lime.
MONITORING and WHEN TO TREAT
Yellow sticky cards placed in greenhouses will capture adult shore flies.
Because these flies do not directly feed on plants, treatment may not be
essential unless there is a large nuisance population. Foggers and aerosols may
be better at controlling adults than sprays.
TREATMENT
Selected Materials Registered for Use on Greenhouse or Nursery Ornamentals
Read and follow the instructions on the label before using any pesticide.
Before using a pesticide for the first time or on a new crop or cultivar, treat
a few plants and check for phytotoxicity.
| Class |
|
Pesticide (commercial name) |
Manufacturer |
R.E.I.1 |
Comments |
| botanical |
A. |
pyrethrin/PBO2
(PT 1100 Pyrethrum TR) |
Whitmire
MicroGen |
12 |
An aerosol. Also effective against adults. |
|---|
| B. |
pyrethrin/rotenone
(Pyrellin EC) |
Webb Wright |
12 |
Also effective against adults. |
|---|
| insect growth regulator |
A. |
azadirachtin
(Azatin XL Plus) |
Olympic |
4 |
Must contact insect. Repeated applications necessary. Only
effective on larvae. Label permits low-volume application. |
|---|
| B. |
cyromazine
(Citation 75 WP) |
Syngenta |
12 |
Certification training required to use this product. Also
effective against shorefly larvae. |
|---|
| C. |
diflubenzuron
(Adept 25WP) |
Uniroyal |
12 |
Apply as spray or drench to top 2 inches of soil. |
|---|
| D. |
pyriproxyfen
(Distance) |
Valent |
12 |
Do not apply more than 2 times per cropping cycle or per 6 months. |
|---|
| E. |
s-kinoprene
(Enstar II) |
Wellmark |
4 |
Apply prebloom. Also labeled for low volume use. Do not apply
through any type of irrigation system. |
|---|
| neonicotinoid |
A. |
imidacloprid (Marathon 1G) |
Olympic |
12 |
Not to be used more than once every 16 weeks. Alternate with
insecticides that have a different mode of action to prevent development of
resistance to neonicotinoids. Do not apply to soils that are water logged or
saturated. Do not apply to bedding plants intended to be used as food
crops. |
|---|
| B. |
imidacloprid (Marathon 60 WP) |
Olympic |
12 |
As above. Apply only as a drench. |
|---|
| organophosphate |
A. |
acephate
(Orthene T, T&O Spray) 75 WP |
Valent |
24 |
A number of chrysanthemum varieties have exhibited phytotoxic
reactions. In greenhouse only labeled for use on anthurium, cacti, carnation,
rose, orchids, some foliage plants, young poinsettia, and some varieties of
chrysanthemum. Can stunt new growth in roses. Do not use through any type of
irrigation system. |
|---|
| B. |
acephate
(PT 1300 Orthene TR) |
Whitmire
MicroGen |
24 |
An aerosol for greenhouse use only. |
|---|
| C. |
chlorpyrifos*
(PT DuraGuard ME) |
Whitmire
MicroGen |
24 |
|
|---|
| pyrethroid |
A. |
bifenthrin*
(Attain TR) |
Whitmire MicroGen |
12 |
Check label. A fogger for greenhouse use only. |
|---|
| B. |
bifenthrin*
(Talstar Flowable) |
FMC |
12 |
Also effective against adults. Label permits low-volume application. |
|---|
| C. |
cyfluthrin
(Decathlon 20 WP) |
Olympic |
12 |
Also effective against adults. Label permits low-volume
application. Do not use through any type of irrigation system. |
|---|
| D. |
fenpropathrin*
(Tame 2.4 EC Spray) |
Valent |
24 |
Also effective against adults. Label permits low-volume
application. Do not use through any type of irrigation system. |
|---|
| E. |
fluvalinate
(Mavrik Aquaflow) |
Wellmark |
12 |
Also effective against adults. Label permits low-volume
application. Also labeled as a cutting dip at 5 fl oz/100 gal. Do not use
through any type of irrigation system. |
|---|
| F. |
permethrin*
(Astro) |
FMC |
12 |
Direct application to blooms may cause browning of petals.
Marginal leaf burn may occur on salvia, diffenbachia, and pteris fern. Label
permits low-volume application. Do not apply more than 2 lb
a.i./acre/year. |
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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries
UC ANR Publication 3392
Insects and Mites
K. L. Robb, UC Cooperative Extension, San Diego Co.
H. S. Costa, Entomology, UC Riverside
J. A. Bethke, Entomology, UC Riverside
M. P. Parrella, Entomology, UC Davis
Acknowledgment for contributions to the insects and mites section:
R. S. Cowles, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor, CT
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