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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries
Weed Classifications
(Reviewed 7/00,
updated 7/00)
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In this Guideline:
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More about weeds in loriculture and ornamental nurseries:
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Weeds can be divided into broadleaf plants (dicotyledons) or narrowleaf plants
(monocotyledons). Most narrowleaf plants are grasses, but this group also includes sedges,
which are important weeds. Another way to identify weeds is by when they germinate and
grow (Table 1). Many common weed species are winter annuals, germinating mainly in fall
and grow through winter and spring. Summer annuals germinate in spring and grow through
summer. A few weeds complete a life cycle in 2 years and are referred to as biennials
(e.g., bristly oxtongue). Some of the worst of the weed species (e.g., bermudagrass) are
perennials; they live for 2 years or more.
TABLE 1. Common Weeds in Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries.
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
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| WINTER ANNUALS | |
| bittercress, lesser-seeded | Cardamine sp. |
| bluegrass, annual | Poa annua |
| burclover, California | Medicago polymorpha |
| chickweed, common | Stellaria media |
| cudweeds | Gnaphalium spp. |
| filarees | Erodium spp. |
| goosefoot, nettleleaf | Chenopodium murale |
| groundsel, common | Senecio vulgaris |
| lettuce, prickly | Lactuca serriola |
| mallow, little (cheeseweed) | Malva parviflora |
| mustard, wild | Brassica sp. |
| nettle, stinging | Urtica dioica |
| pearlwort | Sagina sp. |
| radish, wild | Raphanus raphanistrum |
| rocket, London | Sisymbrium irio |
| shepherd's-purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris |
| sowthistle, common | Sonchus oleraceus |
| spurry, corn | Spergula arvensis |
| willowherbs | Epilobium spp. |
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| SUMMER ANNUALS | |
| barnyardgrass | Echinochloa crus-galli |
| buttercup, yellow | Ranunculus sp. |
| crabgrasses | Digitaria spp. |
| fleabane | Conyza sp. |
| henbit | Lamium amplexicaule |
| horseweed | Conyza canadensis |
| junglerice | Echinochloa colona |
| lambsquarters | Chenopodium album |
| nightshade, black | Solanum nigrum |
| nightshade, hairy | Solanum sarrachoides |
| pigweed, prostrate | Amaranthus blitoides |
| pigweed, rough | Amaranthus sp. |
| pigweed, tumble | Amaranthus albus |
| puncturevine | Tribulus terrestris |
| purslane, common | Portulaca oleracea |
| sprangletops | Leptochloa spp. |
| spurge, prostrate | Chamaesyce humistrata |
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| COMMON BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS |
| bermudagrass | Cynodon dactylon |
| bindweed, field | Convolvulus arvensis |
| johnsongrass | Sorghum halepense |
| nutsedge, purple | Cyperus rotundus |
| nutsedge, yellow | Cyperus esculentus |
| oxtongue, bristly (biennial) | Picris echioides |
| woodsorrel, creeping | Oxalis corniculata |
Growing site and production practices largely determine which weeds are likely to become
problems at a site. For example, weeds commonly associated with container nursery
production include creeping woodsorrel, common groundsel, lesser-seeded bittercress, and
prostrate spurge. Sometimes pearlwort, annual bluegrass, or willowherb are a problem. In
field sites, weed species vary greatly but the weed spectrum can be influenced by
management practices in the field and by the environment. Because of these variations,
each type of production situation is addressed separately in this guideline. After a
section on general methods of weed management, there are special sections for weed
management in:
- container nurseries,
- field-grown trees and shrubs,
- field-grown flowers, and
- greenhouse-grown crops.
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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries
UC ANR Publication 3392
Weeds
C. L. Elmore, Weed Science/Vegetable Crops, UC Davis
C. A. Wilen, UC IPM Program, UC Cooperative Extension, San Diego Co.
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