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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Apple
Green
Apple Aphid
Scientific name: Aphis
pomi
(Reviewed 8/06,
updated 8/06)
In this Guideline:
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Overwintering eggs are found on twigs of the previous season's
growth and on fruit spurs. They are identical in appearance to rosy apple aphid
eggs: shiny,
black, and football shaped. Newly hatched apple aphids are dark green. Mature
aphids on apple foliage in spring and summer have a bright, yellow-green
abdomen with darker green lateral spots.
Green apple aphids infest succulent terminal growth and
when infestations are severe will also be found on fruits. High populations on
young trees may seriously retard normal growth and result in irregular shoot
growth. On bearing trees, heavy infestations of aphids may cover the fruit and
foliage with honeydew on which a black, sooty mold develops. The mold can
hinder leaf function and lower fruit grade.
Green apple aphid feeds on both apple and pear trees and
occasionally on hawthorn, loquat, pyracantha, and quince; apple, however, is
the preferred host. Although green apple aphid is subject to wide fluctuations
in abundance, it generally occurs yearly in most apple orchards. Natural
enemies often control this aphid.
Biological Control
There are many natural enemies which feed on aphids.
Among the most important are lady
beetles,
green lacewings, brown
lacewings,
and syrphid fly larvae.
Organically Acceptable
Methods
Biological controls and sprays of insecticidal soap,
approved narrow range oils, and azadirachtin (Neemix) are organically
acceptable.
Monitoring
and Treatment Decisions
A delayed dormant spray of oil will prevent early
injury and should eliminate the need for further sprays.
If more than 45% of the
tree's shoots are infested during the summer, assess the abundance of
predators. Treatment may be warranted if 60% or more of the tree's terminals
are infested. Spring treatments may also be necessary for young trees with
severe infestations.
| Common name |
Amount to Use |
P.H.I.+ |
| (trade name) |
(conc.) |
(dilute) |
(days) |
|
| When
choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to the impact
on natural enemies and honey bees and
environmental impact.
|
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| DELAYED DORMANT (Preferred timing)
|
| A. |
DORMANT FLOWABLE EMULSION OIL |
4–6 gal |
1–1.5 gal |
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MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects. |
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COMMENTS: Apply at delayed dormant to silver tip stage. |
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| FOLIAGE SPRAY |
| A. |
IMIDACLOPRID |
| |
(Provado) 1.6F |
8 oz |
2 oz |
7 |
| |
MODE
OF ACTION: A neonicotinoid (Group 4A)1 insecticide.
|
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COMMENTS:
Provides good control. Allow 10 days between applications. Repeat
applications of any neonicotinoid insecticide
(acetamiprid-Assail; imidacloprid- Provado; and thiacloprid-Calypso) can lead
to resistance to all neonicotinoids. Alternate neonicotinoids with an insecticide that has a
different mode of action to help delay the development of resistance. To help
prevent development of resistance, do not use for both codling moth and aphid control. |
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| B. |
ACETAMIPRID |
| |
(Assail) 70 WP |
1.7-3.4 oz |
– |
7 |
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MODE
OF ACTION: A neonicotinoid (Group 4A)1 insecticide.
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COMMENTS:
May cause outbreaks of mites, especially in orchards with chronic mite
problems; addition of 1% oil (volume by volume) and limiting applications to
a single application may help mitigate mite problems. Repeat applications of any neonicotinoid insecticide (acetamiprid-Assail; imidacloprid- Provado; and
thiacloprid-Calypso) can lead to resistance to all neonicotinoids. Alternate neonicotinoids with an insecticide that has a
different mode of action to help delay the development of resistance. To help
prevent development of resistance, do not use for both codling moth and aphid control. |
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| C. |
DIAZINON* |
4 lb |
1 lb |
21 |
| |
MODE
OF ACTION: An organophosphate (Group 1B)1 insecticide.
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COMMENTS:
Applications made during the foliage season are harmful to beneficials. Avoid drift and tailwater runoff into surface waters. |
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| D. |
INSECTICIDAL SOAP# |
Label rates |
|
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(M-Pede) |
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MODE OF ACTION: A contact insecticide with smothering and barrier effects. |
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COMMENTS:
More than 1 application may be necessary because this material has little residual action. |
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| E. |
NARROW RANGE OIL# |
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(JMS Stylet Oil, Omni, etc.) |
Label rates |
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MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects. |
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COMMENTS:
Apply as soon as colonies are found and reapply at 7- to 10-day intervals as long as active colonies are found. |
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| F. |
NARROW RANGE OIL# |
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(JMS Stylet Oil, Omni, etc.) |
Label rates |
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MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects. |
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.
. . PLUS . . .
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AZADIRACHTIN# |
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(Neemix) |
Label rates |
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MODE
OF ACTION: A botanical/insect growth regulator (Group 26)1
insecticide.
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COMMENTS:
Apply as soon as colonies are found and reapply at 7- to 10-day intervals as
long as active colonies are found. Azadirachtin without oil is not effective in controlling this pest. |
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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Apple
UC ANR Publication 3432
Insects and Mites
J. L. Caprile, UC Cooperative Extension, Contra Costa County
L. R. Wunderlich, UC Cooperative Extension, El Dorado County
P. M. Vossen, UC Cooperative Extension, Sonoma and Marin counties
W. W. Coates, UC Cooperative Extension, San Benito County
H. L. Andris, UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County
L. G. Varela, UC IPM Program, Sonoma County
W. J. Bentley, UC IPM Program, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier
Acknowledgment for contributions to the insects and mites section:
C. Pickel, UC IPM Program, Sutter and Yuba counties
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