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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Latania scale colony.

Kiwifruit

Armored Scales

Scientific Names:
Greedy scale: Hemiberlesia rapax
Latania scale: Hemiberlesia lataniae
Oleander (Ivy) scale: Aspidiotus nerii

(Reviewed 3/07, updated 2/09)

In this Guideline:

DESCRIPTION OF THE PESTS

Very small, thin, light gray, convex, more or less circular specks on canes and/or fruit is evidence of scale insects.

DAMAGE

Scale insects attack the bark and fruit of kiwi. Heavy infestations affect the vigor of the plant and result in the presence of scales on fruit, causing it to be offgrade.

MANAGEMENT

Biological Control
Various predatory insects and parasitic wasps kill armored scales. Parasites include species of Aphytis wasps and predators include green lacewings, brown lacewings, minute pirate bugs, and small species of lady beetles.

Organically Acceptable Methods
Applications of organically acceptable spray oil are acceptable for use.

Monitoring and Treatment Decisions
Evidence of scale on canes during dormant pruning or offgrade fruit at harvest caused by the presence of scale is justification for a treatment. Treatments are applied during the dormant period after pruning to permit better spray coverage.

Common name Amount/Acre R.E.I.+ P.H.I.+
(trade name)   (hours) (days)
When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to impact on natural enemies and honey bees and to the environment.
 
DORMANT
A. METHIDATHION*
  (Supracide) 2E 6–8 pt/acre or 3 days NA
    3–4 pt/100 gal  
  MODE OF ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1B
  COMMENTS: Apply spray mixture in 175–200 gal water/acre. Do not use after bud break. Only 1 application per year. Use allowed under a Special Local Needs permit.
 
B. NARROW RANGE OIL#
  (PureSpray Green, Omni Supreme Spray, IAP 440, IAP 470, IAP HiSupreme, etc.) Label rates 4 NA
  MODE OF ACTION: Contact including smothering and barrier effects.
  COMMENTS: For organically grown crops, check with your certifier to determine which products are organically acceptable.
 
+ Restricted entry interval (R.E.I.) is the number of hours (unless otherwise noted) from treatment until the treated area can be safely entered without protective clothing. Preharvest interval (P.H.I.) is the number of days from treatment to harvest. In some cases the REI exceeds the PHI. The longer of two intervals is the minimum time that must elapse before harvest.
* Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use.
# Acceptable for organically grown produce.
1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
NA Not applicable

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Kiwifruit
UC ANR Publication 3449
Insects
J. K. Hasey, UC Cooperative Extension, Sutter-Yuba counties
R. A. Van Steenwyk, Insect Biology, UC Berkeley
Acknowledgment for contributions to Insects and Mites:
W. H. Olson, UC Cooperative Extension, Butte County
R. H. Beede, UC Cooperative Extension, Kings County

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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manage pests, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. /PMG/r430300211.html revised: February 27, 2009. Contact webmaster.