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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense.

Kiwifruit

Herbicide Treatment Table

(Reviewed 3/07, updated 3/07)

In this Guideline: More about weeds in kiwifruit:
Common name Amount/Acre R.E.I.+ P.H.I.+
(trade name)   (hours) (days)
When choosing a herbicide, consider information relating to environmental impact.
 
PREPLANT
Before weeds emerge
A. METAM SODIUM*
  (Vapam, etc.) Label rates 48 —
  COMMENTS: For spot treatment of certain perennials.
 
After weeds emerge
A. GLYPHOSATE 1–4 lb a.i. see label —
  (Roundup)
  ...OR...
  (Touchdown) Label rates see label —
  MODE OF ACTION: A glycine (Group 9)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Apply in controlled droplet application or with low-pressure flat fan nozzles. For annual weed control use 10–40 gal water/acre with 1 lb/acre. Apply to young annuals or vigorously growing perennials in the early flowering stage or to nutsedge when it has 5–6 leaves. Some perennials require the 4 lb a.i. (Roundup) or 3.75 lb a.i. (Touchdown)/acre rate for control. Adding sprayable ammonium sulfate at 5 to 10 lb/100 gal of spray solution before the glyphosate is added can often improve control.
 
POSTPLANT
Before weeds emerge
A. ORYZALIN 2–4 lb a.i.    
  (Surflan) AS 2–4 qt 24 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A dinitroaniline (Group 3)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre. If rain does not occur within 21 days, sprinkle irrigate with 1/2 to 2 inches water. May be combined with postemergent if weeds have emerged. Most applications are with the 4 lb a.i./acre rate to give maximum residual.
 
B. NAPROPAMIDE 4 lb a.i.    
  (Devrinol) 50DF 8 lb 12 35
  MODE OF ACTION: An acetamide (Group 15)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre. Must be incorporated within 4 to 7 days of application or sprinkler irrigated. Can be combined with a postemergent if weeds have emerged.
 
C. OXYFLUORFEN 1.25–2 lb a.i.    
  (Goal) 2XL 5–8 pt 24 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A diphenylether (Group 14)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre on firm soil. Must not be mechanically disturbed or poor weed control will result. May be used preemergence or early postemergence. Often is combined with oryzalin or glyphosate. The 1 lb a.i./acre rate gives minimal residual control but is combined with glyphosate to increase spectrum of annual weeds controlled. For use during the dormant season only (before February 15). Do not apply to kiwifruit established less than 3 years unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above the soil surface.
 
D. ISOXABEN 0.5–1 lb a.i.    
  (Gallery T&V) 75DF 0.66–1.33 lb 12 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A benzamide (Group 21)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: For use in nonbearing orchards only. Apply in 20–60 gal water/acre. Requires rainfall or irrigation within 21 days of treatment to activate. May be combined with postemergent herbicides if seedlings have emerged. Combine with oryzalin if annual grasses are expected.
 
After weeds emerge
A. GLYPHOSATE 1–4 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Roundup)
  MODE OF ACTION: A glycine (Group 9)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Apply in controlled droplet application or with low-pressure flat fan nozzles. For annual weed control use 10–40 gal water/acre with 1 lb a.i./acre. Apply to young annuals or vigorously growing perennials in the early flowering stage or to nutsedge when it has 5–6 leaves. Some perennials require the 4 lb a.i./acre rate for control.
 
B. PARAQUAT* 0.64–1 lb a.i 12 14
  (Gramoxone Inteon)
  MODE OF ACTION: A bipyridylium (Group 22)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Apply in 30–60 gal water/acre to young plants. Thorough wetting of the weed foliage is essential for control. Use a 0.5% nonionic surfactant. Repeat treatment as new growth occurs. Do not treat more than 3 times/year.
 
Herbicide Combinations
A. GLYPHOSATE 0.5–1 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Roundup)
  MODE OF ACTION: A glycine (Group 9)1 herbicide.
  ...PLUS...
  OXYFLUORFEN 0.5–1 lb a.i. 24 0
  (Goal) 2XL 2–4 pt    
  MODE OF ACTION: A diphenylether (Group 14)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: For broad-spectrum postemergence control of annual weeds. Apply in 20–40 gal/water/acre. Helps increase control of cheeseweed, filaree, chickweed, and grasses. Glyphosate effectiveness is increased with low water volume and oxyfluorfen is more effective at the higher volume. Oxyfluorfen may be used only during the dormant season. Do not apply to kiwifruit established less than 3 years unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above the soil surface. Be sure to follow restrictions on labels of both products in a tank mix; the most restrictive limits must be followed.
 
B. GLYPHOSATE 1 lb a.i. 12 14
  (Roundup)
  MODE OF ACTION: A glycine (Group 9)1 herbicide.
  ...PLUS...
  ORYZALIN 4 lb a.i.    
  (Surflan) AS 4 qt 24 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A diphenylether (Group 14)1 herbicide.
  ...OR...
  NAPROPAMIDE 4 lb a.i. 12 35
  (Devrinol) 50DF 8 lb    
  MODE OF ACTION: An acetamide (Group 15)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Combines post- and preemergence activity to control existing weeds, leaving residual control of most annual weeds up to 6 months. Combination choice depends on weed spectrum and how rapidly the application can be incorporated. Be sure to follow restrictions on labels of both products in a tank mix; the most restrictive limits must be followed.
 
C. ORYZALIN 4 lb a.i.    
  (Surflan) AS 4 qt 24 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A dinitroaniline (Group 3)1 herbicide.
  ...PLUS...
  OXYFLUORFEN 1 lb a.i.    
  (Goal) 2XL 4 pt 24 0
  MODE OF ACTION: A diphenylether (Group 14)1 herbicide.
  COMMENTS: Combined to give broad-spectrum residual control of annual weeds. Applied preemergence or combined with glyphosate if weeds have emerged. Oxyfluorfen may be used during the dormant season only. Do not apply to kiwifruit established less than 3 years unless vines are on a trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft above the soil surface. Be sure to follow restrictions on labels of both products in a tank mix; the most restrictive limits must be followed.
 
 
*  Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use.
+ Restricted entry interval (R.E.I.) is the number of hours (unless otherwise noted) from treatment until the treated area can be safely entered without protective clothing. Preharvest interval (P.H.I.) is the number of days from treatment until the orchard can be harvested. In some cases the R.E.I. exceeds the P.H.I. The longer of these two intervals is the minimum time that must elapse before harvest may take place.
1 Group numbers are assigned by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) according to different modes of action. Although weeds may exhibit multiple resistance across many groups, mode of action numbers are useful in planning mixtures or rotations of herbicides with different modes of action. For more information, see http://www.plantprotection.org/HRAC/.
—  Not applicable

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Kiwifruit
UC ANR Publication 3449
Weeds
K. J. Hembree, UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County
Acknowledgment for contributions to the weed section:
C. L. Elmore, Vegetable Crops Weed Science, UC Davis

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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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