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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Kiwifruit

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Kiwifruit to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 3/07, updated 3/07)

In this Guideline:

Common name (trade name & formulation) Mode of action1 Selectivity2
(affected groups)		 Predatory mites3 General predators4 Parasites4 Honey bees5 Duration of impact to natural enemies6
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV short
esfenvalerate (Asana XL) 3 broad (insects, mites) H M H I7 moderate
cryolite (Kryocide) 9A narrow (foliage chewing insects) L L L IV short
methidathion (Supracide EC) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
petroleum oil — broad (exposed insects, mites) L8 L L III short
H = high
M = moderate
L = low
— = no information
 
1 Alternating pesticides with different modes of action is important in preventing the development of resistance. Rotate chemicals with those that have a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicites are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides (172K, PDF), Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW518.
6  Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
7 If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
8 Rating depends on rate used.
 
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Kiwifruit
UC ANR Publication 3449
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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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