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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Apple

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Apples to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 8/06, updated 8/06)

In this Guideline:

Common name
(trade name) 		Chemical class1 Mode of action2 Selectivity3
(affected groups) 		Predatory mites4 General predators5 Parasites5 Honey bees6 Duration of impact to natural enemies7
abamectin (Agri-Mek) M 6 moderate (mites, leafminers) H L M - H II long to predatory mites and affected insects
acetamiprid (Assail) N 4A moderate (sucking insects, larvae) — — 11 — III moderate
azadirachtin (Neemix) B,IGR 26 broad (insects, mites) — L L III short
azinphosmethyl (Guthion) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) L/M H H I long
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki M 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
bifenazate (Acramite) CE 25 narrow (spider mites) L L L IV short
carbaryl (Sevin) XLR Plus C 1A broad (insects, mites) L H L III long
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I moderate
clofentezine (Apollo) T 10A narrow (mites) L L L IV short
Cydia pomenella granulovirus (Cyd-X) M — narrow (codling moth) none none none IV none
cypermethrin (Ammo) P 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate
diazinon–foliar OP 1B broad (insects, mites) L H H I moderate to long
dimethoate OP 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I long
disulfoton (Di-Syston) OP 1B broad (insect, mites) H H H III —
endosulfan (Thionex) OC 2A broad (insects, mites) L M M III short
esfenvalerate (Asana) P 3 broad (insect, mites) H M H I moderate
etoxazole (Zeal) D 10B narrow (mites) — 11 — — IV short
fenbutatin oxide (Vendex) OT — narrow (pest mites) L L L IV short
fenpropathrin (Danitol) P 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I —
fenpyroximate (Fujimate) — 21 narrow (mites and some insects) — L L IV short
formetanate hydrochloride (Carzol) C 1A broad (insects, mites) L/H H H III long, unless washed off
hexythiazox (Savey) CA 10A narrow (mites) L L L IV short to moderate
imidacloprid (Provado) N 4A narrow (sucking insects) — — H II short to moderate
indoxacarb (Avaunt) OX 22 narrow (caterpillars) — L L I moderate
insecticidal soap (M-Pede) CON — broad (insects, mites) M M M IV short to none
kaolin clay (Surround) CON — broad (insects, mites) M M — IV —
lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) P 3 broad (plant bugs, beetles, caterpillars) H H H I moderate
methidathion (Supracide) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) IGR 18 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
neem oil (Trilogy) B — broad (soft-bodied) insects) L L L III short
oxamyl (Vydate) C 1A broad (insects, mites) H H H III moderate
permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) P 3 broad (insects, mites) L H H I long
petroleum oil CON — broad (exposed insects, mites) L L L III short to none
phosmet (Imidan) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
pyridaben (Nexter) PY 21 broad (insect, mites) — — — III short
pyriproxyfen (Esteem, Seize) IGR 7C narrow (scale, beetles) L H 9 L IV long
spinosad (Entrust, Success) M 5 narrow (caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, scales, leafminers) L M 10 L/M III short
sulfur I — narrow (mites and citrus thrips) L/H L H IV short
thiacloprid (Calypso) N 4A moderate (sucking insects, larvae) — 8 — — — —

H = high
M = moderate
L = low
— = no information

1  Chemical class: B = botanical; C = carbamate; CA = carboxamide; CE= carboxylic acid ester; CL = chloronicotinyl; CON = contact including smothering and barrier effects; D = diphenyloxazoline; I = inorganic; IGR = insect growth regulator; M = microbial; N = neonicotinoid; OC = organochlorine; OP = organophosphate; OT = organotin; OX = oxadiazine; P = pyrethroid; PY = pyridazinone
2 Modes of action are important in preventing the development of resistance to pesticides. Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action is assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
3 Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
4 Generally, toxicites are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured in toxicity of the pesticide resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
5 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
6 Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides, (164KB, PDF) Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW518.
7 Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
8 May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations.
9 Kills lady beetles.
10  Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larva, beetles) when sprayed and shortly after (8-24 hrs.).
11 Acute toxicity low but reproductive capacity impacted.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Apple
UC ANR Publication 3432
General Information
Acknowledgments: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists working on a variety of crops.

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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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