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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Pear

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Pears to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 2/07, updated 2/09)

In this Guideline:
Common name (trade name and formulation) Mode of action1 Selectivity2 (affected groups) Predatory mites3 General predators4 Parasites4 Honey bees5 Duration of impact to natural enemies6
abamectin (Agri-Mek EC) 6 moderate (mites, leafminers) H L M - H I7 long to predatory mites and affected insects
acequinocyl (Kanemite) 20B narrow (mites) — — — IV —
acetamiprid (Assail) 4A moderate (sucking insects, larvae) — 8 — 9 — IV moderate
azadirachtin (Neemix) 18B broad (insects, mites) M L - M L - M III short
azinphosmethyl (Guthion WP) 1B broad (insects, mites) L/M H H I long
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
bifenazate (Acramite) 25 narrow (mites) L L L III short
bifenthrin (Brigade) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I-III10 long
chlorantraniliprole (Altacor) 28 — — — — — —
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban EC) 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I11 moderate
clofentezine (Apollo) 10A narrow (mites) L L L IV short
Cydia pomenella granulovirus (Cyd-X) — narrow (codling moth) none none none IV none
diazinon (WP) 1B broad (insects, mites) L H H I moderate to long
diflubenzuron (Dimilin) 15 — L H L IV short
dimethoate 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I long
esfenvalerate (Asana) 3 broad (insect, mites) H M H I12 moderate
etoxazole (Zeal) 10B narrow (mites) — 9 — — IV short
fenpropathrin (Danitol) 3 broad (insects, mites) H H H I —
fenpyroximate (Fujimate) 21 narrow (mites and some insects) — L L IV short
formetanate hydrochloride (Carzol) 1A broad (insects, mites) M/H H H II13 long, unless washed off
hexythiazox (Savey) 10A narrow (mites) L L L IV short to moderate
imidacloprid (Provado) 4A narrow (sucking insects) — 8 — H II short to moderate
kaolin clay (Surround) — broad (insects, mites) M M — IV long
lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) 3 broad (plant bugs, beetles, caterpillars) H H H I14 moderate
lime sulfur — narrow (mites, thrips) L/H L H IV short
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) 18A narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
neem oil (Trilogy) — broad (soft-bodied) insects) L L L III short
petroleum oil — broad (exposed insects, mites) L15 L L III short to none
phosmet (Imidan) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
pyridaben (Pyramite, Nexter) 21 broad (insects, mites) M/H M — III short
pyriproxyfen (Esteem, Seize) 7C narrow (scale, beetles) L H16 L IV long
spinetoram (Delegate) 5 Narrow (caterpillars, thrips, aphids, scales) L M18 L/M III moderate17
spinosad (Entrust, Success) 5 narrow (caterpillars, thrips, aphids, scales) L M18 L/M III short
spinosad (GF-120) 5 narrow (flies) L — — III short
sulfur — narrow (mites, thrips) L/H L/M H IV short
thiacloprid (Calypso) 4A moderate (sucking insects, larvae) — 8 — — III moderate
thiamethoxam (Actara) 4A narrow (sucking insects) — 8 — — II moderate
H = high M = moderate L = low — = no information
1 Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicites are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured in toxicity of the pesticide-resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I-Do not apply to blooming plants; II-Apply only during late evening; III-Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV-Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides (164 KB, PDF), Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591.
6 Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
7 If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
8 May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations.
9 Acute toxicity low, but reproductive capacity impacted.
10 If rate is less than 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is III; if 0.04 lb a.i./acre, rating is II; if 0.06 lb a.i./acre, rating is I.
11 If rate is 0.05 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
12 If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
13 If rate is 0.5 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III.
14 If rate is 0.02 lb a.i./acre, rating is II.
15 Rating depends on rate used.
16 Kills lady beetles.
17 Residual is moderate if solution is between pH of 7 to 8.
18 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larva, beetles) when sprayed and shortly after (8-24 hrs.).
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M. L. and S. H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Pear
UC ANR Publication 3455
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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