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How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Peppers
Relative Toxicities of Insecticides
and Miticides Used in Peppers to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees
(Reviewed 8/07,
updated 8/07)
In this Guideline:
|
|
|
| Common name (trade name and formulation) |
Mode of action1 |
Selectivity2 (affected groups) |
Predatory mites3 |
General predators4 |
Parasites4 |
Honey bees5 |
Duration of impact to natural enemies6 |
| abamectin (Agri-Mek EC) |
6 |
moderate (mites, leafminers) |
M |
L |
M/H |
I7 |
moderate to predatory mites and affected insects |
| acephate (Orthene) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
M/H |
I |
moderate |
| acetamiprid (Assail WP) |
4A |
moderate (sucking insects, larvae) |
—8 |
—9 |
— |
III |
moderate |
| azadirachtin (Neemix) |
18B |
broad (insects, mites) |
M |
L/M |
L/M |
III |
short |
| Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai |
11.B1 |
narrow (caterpillars) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki |
11.B2 |
narrow (caterpillars) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| carbaryl (Sevin F, S) |
1A |
broad (insects, mites) |
M/H |
H |
H |
I10 |
long |
| carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus) |
1A |
broad (insects, mites) |
L |
H |
L |
I11 |
long |
| cryolite (Kryocide) |
9A |
narrow (foliage chewing insects) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| cyromazine (Trigard WP) |
17 |
narrow (leafminers) |
L |
L |
L |
III |
short |
| dimethoate (E) |
1B |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
I |
long |
| endosulfan (Thionex EC, WP) |
2A |
broad (insects, mites) |
L |
M |
M |
II12 |
short |
| esfenvalerate (Asana XL) |
3 |
broad (insect, mites) |
H |
M |
H |
I13 |
moderate |
| indoxacarb (Avaunt) |
22 |
narrow (caterpillars) |
— |
L |
L |
III |
moderate |
| imidacloprid (Admire) |
4A |
narrow (sucking insects) |
— |
L |
— |
I14 |
— |
| imidacloprid (Provado F) |
4A |
narrow (sucking insects) |
— |
— |
H |
II |
short to moderate |
| insecticidal soap (M-Pede) |
— |
broad (exposed insects, mites) |
M |
M |
M |
IV |
short |
| methomyl (Lannate SP, LV) |
1A |
broad (insects, mites) |
H |
H |
H |
III |
moderate |
| methoxyfenozide (Intrepid F) |
18A |
narrow (caterpillars) |
L |
L |
L |
IV |
short |
| permethrin (Ambush W, Pounce EC, WP) |
3 |
broad (insects, mites) |
L |
H |
H |
I |
long |
| petroleum oil |
— |
broad (exposed insects, mites) |
L15 |
L |
L |
III |
short |
| pymetrozine (Fulfill) |
9B |
narrow (aphids, whiteflies) |
L |
L |
L |
III |
short |
| pyrethrin (PyGanic EC) |
3 |
broad (insects) |
— |
M |
M |
III |
short |
| pyriproxyfen (Knack) |
7C |
narrow (aphids, whiteflies) |
L |
H16 |
L |
IV |
short |
| spinosad (Entrust, Success) |
5 |
narrow (caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, leafminers) |
L |
M17 |
L/M |
III |
moderate |
| spiromesifen (Oberon SC) |
23 |
narrow (psyllids, mites, whiteflies) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| thiamethoxam (Actara) |
4A |
narrow (sucking insects) |
—18 |
— |
M |
I |
moderate |
H = high M = moderate L = low — = no information
| 1 |
Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same
mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent development of resistance. For example,
the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with
chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide
Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/. |
| 2 |
Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects
only a few specific groups. |
| 3 |
Generally, toxicities are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences
have been measured in toxicity of the pesticide-resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed
as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain. |
| 4 |
Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity
of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application
rate. |
| 5 |
Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III
= Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety
to bees. For more information, see How
to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides , Pacific Northwest
Extension Publication PNW591. |
| 6 |
Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means
many weeks or months. |
| 7 |
If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II. |
| 8 |
May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations. |
| 9 |
Acute toxicity low but reproductive capacity is impacted. |
| 10 |
If rate is 1 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is II. |
| 11 |
If rate is 1.5 lb a.i. or less and dilution not greater than 1:19, rating is II. |
| 12 |
If rate is 0.5 lb a.i./acre or less, rating is III. |
| 13 |
If rate is 0.025 lb a.i./acre, rating is II. |
| 14 |
If rate is 0.1 lb a.i./acre, rating is II. |
| 15 |
Rating depends on rate used. |
| 16 |
Kills lady beetles. |
| 17 |
Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly and lacewing larvae, beetles) when
sprayed and up to 5 to 7 days after, expecially for Dipteran predators such as syrphid flies). |
| 18 |
May cause increases in spider mite populations. |
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UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Peppers
UC ANR Publication 3460
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research
data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to
the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural
Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.
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