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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

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Pistachio

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Pistachios to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 2/07, updated 2/07)

In this Guideline:

Common name (trade name) Chemical class 1 Mode of action 2 Selectivity 3
(affected groups)		 Predatory mites 4 General predators 5 Parasites 5 Honey bees 6 Duration of impact
to natural enemies 7
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki M 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
buprofezin (Applaud, Centaur) TD 16 narrow (sucking insects, beetles) L H8 L IV long
carbaryl (Sevin) 4F C 1A broad (insects, mites) — — — I long
carbaryl (Sevin) 80S C 1A broad (insects, mites) L/H H H I long
carbaryl (Sevin) XLR Plus C 1A broad (insects, mites) L H L III long
methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) IGR 18 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) P 3 broad (insects, mites) L H H I long
phosmet (Imidan) OP 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate to long
spinosad (Entrust, Success) M 5 narrow (caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, scales, leafminers) L M9 L/M III short
sulfur I — narrow (mites and citrus thrips) L/H L H IV short

H = high    M = moderate    L = low   — = no information

1  Chemical class: C = carbamate; I = inorganic; IGR = insect growth regulator; M = microbial; OP = organophosphate; P = pyrethroid.
2 Modes of action are important in preventing the development of resistance to pesticides. Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action is assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
3 Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
4 Generally, toxicities are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
5 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
6 Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW518.
7 Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
8 Kills lady beetles.
9 Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larva, beetles) when sprayed and shortly after (8 to 24 hrs.).

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Pistachio
UC ANR Publication 3461
General Information
Acknowledgments: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists working on a variety of crops.

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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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