|
|
How to Manage Pests
UC Pest Management Guidelines
Prune
Codling Moth
Scientific Name: Cydia pomonella
(Reviewed 6/06,
updated 6/06)
In this Guideline:
|
|
|
Larvae are white to pinkish
caterpillars with brown to black heads. Adult moths have gray wings with a copper spot on each wing tip. Mature larvae overwinter
in silken cells under loose bark on the tree, and moths emerge from March to
May. Adults mate and lay eggs;
larvae feed on small fruit. A second generation appears in June and often a
third one in August, depending on temperatures.
Fruit feeding by codling moth is generally not a
problem but can damage fruit in some orchards. Codling moth larvae usually tunnel all
the way to the pits of fruit; extrusions
of frass or excrement are often found at the entrance of the larval tunnels.
Occasionally codling moth is a pest in prunes in a
few locations in the Sacramento Valley. A single treatment timed using
pheromone traps and degree-days should be all that is needed at these sites.
Biological
Control
An important egg and larval parasite is the
braconid wasp Ascogaster quadridentata.
Cultural Control
Remove abandoned or unsprayed apple, pear, plum,
apricot, and walnut trees near the prune orchard.
Monitoring and Treatment Decisions Degree-day
calculator
Degree-day table
Sunset
temperatures
Pheromone traps, degree-days (DD), and
twilight temperatures are used to monitor codling moth activity. Place
traps in the orchard soon after bud
break and monitor twice a week to determine first moth emergence. For more information see PHEROMONE TRAPS and record results on a monitoring form . The biofix is the first date that moths are
consistently found in traps and sunset temperatures have reached 62°F. To
predict egg hatch, begin accumulating degree-days from the biofix, using a
lower threshold of 50°F and an upper threshold of 88°F. Generation time for the
first generation of codling moth is 1060 DD, whereas generation time for summer
flights averages about 160 DD more. (For assistance in calculating degree-days,
see Degree-days".)
First
generation egg hatch. If a treatment is necessary, time the first
spray to the beginning of egg hatch to kill emerging larvae 300 DD after the
first biofix for moderate to heavy populations, and 400 to 500 DD for light
populations.
Second
generation egg hatch. Use pheromone trap catches to
detect an increase in flight activity around 1060 DD from the first biofix,
which signals the start of the next moth flight. If a second application is
necessary, apply it when 250 DD have accumulated from the second biofix.
Fruit damage sample. In mid-July, take a fruit damage sample to assess
the overall effectiveness of the current year's IPM program and to determine
next year's needs. For more information, see FRUIT EVALUATION AT HARVEST. Record on a monitoring form
the number of fruit infested by larvae, type of
larvae present, whether the damage is surface feeding only or if the larvae
penetrated the fruit.
| Common name |
Amount to Use** |
P.H.I.+ |
| (trade name) |
(conc.) |
(dilute) |
(days) |
|
| The following materials are listed in
order of usefulness in an IPM program, taking into account efficacy, impact on natural
enemies and honey bees,
and, impact of the timing
on beneficials. When choosing a pesticide, also consider information relating to
environmental impact.
|
| |
| A. |
PHOSMET |
| |
(Imidan) 70WP |
4.25 lb |
1 lb |
7 |
| |
MODE OF ACTION: An organophosphate (Group 1B)1 insecticide. |
| |
| B. |
CARBARYL* |
| |
(Sevin) 80S |
3 lb |
1 lb |
1 |
| |
MODE OF ACTION: A carbamate (Group 1A)1 insecticide. |
| |
COMMENTS:
May cause increased spider mite problems; not recommended for routine use, especially early in the season. |
| |
| C. |
METHOXYFENOZIDE |
| |
(Intrepid) 2F |
10–16 fl oz |
— |
7 |
| |
MODE OF ACTION: An insect growth regulator (Group 18)1 insecticide. |
| |
COMMENTS:
An insect growth regulator that provides 10 to 18 days of residual
protection, depending on the rate of application and nut expansion. Kills
young larvae but does not kill adult moths. It is a reduced risk insecticide
that has little or no effect on beneficial insects and mites. Only use in orchards with
low-to-moderate codling moth populations. Spray coverage is extremely
important. Do not apply to large trees unless adequate spray coverage can be
verified. Use no less than 100 gal water/acre for ground applications.
Sprayer speed should not exceed 1.5 mph. The use of Latron B-1956, CS-7, or
similar sticker/spreader is highly recommended. Apply at the beginning of egg
hatch, which is earlier than organophosphate or carbamate insecticide
timings. It is recommended that methoxyfenozide be applied at 200 DD after
the first biofix. Do not apply more than 24 fl oz/acre/application or more than 64 fl oz/acre/season. |
| |
| D. |
ESFENVALERATE* |
| |
(Asana) |
10 oz |
2.5 oz |
14 |
| |
MODE OF ACTION: A pyrethroid (Group 3)1 insecticide. |
| |
COMMENTS:
Use promotes mite outbreaks. Low label rates will help reduce the potential for these outbreaks. |
| |
| E. |
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN* |
| |
(Warrior) |
2.56–5.12 fl oz |
— |
14 |
| |
MODE OF ACTION: A pyrethroid (Group 3)1 insecticide. |
| |
COMMENTS:
Use promotes mite outbreaks. Low label rates will help reduce the potential for these outbreaks. |
| |
| |
|
![[Precautions]](/IMAGES/btn-precautions_bul.gif)
![[UC Peer Reviewed]](/IMAGES/logo-ucpeerreviewed.jpg)
UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Prune
UC ANR Publication 3464
Insects and Mites
C. Pickel, UC IPM Program, Sutter/Yuba counties
F. J. A. Niederholzer, UC Cooperative Extension, Sutter/Yuba counties
W. H. Olson, UC Cooperative Extension, Butte County
F. G. Zalom, Entomology, UC Davis
R. P. Buchner, UC Cooperative Extension, Tehama County
W. H. Krueger, UC Cooperative Extension Glenn County
Acknowledgment for contributions to the insects and mites section:
W. O. Reil, UC Cooperative Extension Solano/Yolo counties
Top of page
|
