How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

SYMPTOMS
Areas of white powdery fungal growth, roughly circular in shape, develop on the fruit in spring. These infected areas later become scabby and dry. In late summer and fall, similar fungal growth appears on leaves. Occasionally, symptoms may develop on fruit and leaves in spring.

COMMENTS ON THE DISEASE
Sphaerotheca pannosa attacks the plum fruit whereas Podosphaera tridactyla attacks the foliage. An unidentified species, possibly of Podosphaera, attacks fruit and leaves of certain plum varieties (Red Beaut and Black Beaut) in spring; other varieties may be affected in some years as well.

Sphaerotheca pannosa is known to survive as mycelium on roses and in infected buds of peach trees, and these plants may serve as a source of inoculum for plum trees. This pathogen is not known to overwinter on plum, but recently cleistothecia were discovered on peach trees, which suggests that this pathogen may also produce cleistothecia and survive on plum trees.

Podosphaera tridactyla overwinters as special spore-forming structures called cleistothecia on the surface of shoots, on dead leaves on the orchard floor, and on bark. Spores are produced from these structures during spring rains, and they infect the developing foliage on plum trees. Growth of the pathogen is favored by cool, moist nights and warm days.

MANAGEMENT

Watching for the disease during routine monitoring helps to determine the need for possible action the following year, but by the time it appears on the fruit it is too late to spray during the current season. If there are roses infected with powdery mildew near the orchard, these bushes are potential sources of inoculum, and it may be beneficial to control the disease on the roses or to remove them.

Chemical Control
Apply a fungicide at full bloom and make additional applications on a 10- to 14-day interval as needed. The fruit is thought to be resistant to infection after pit hardening. It is important to alternate fungicides of a different chemistry to prevent the development of resistance.

Common name				P.H.I.+
(trade name)		Amount to Use		(days)
The following materials are listed in order of usefulness in an IPM program, taking into account efficacy. When choosing a pesticide, also consider information relating to environmental quality.
A.	PROPICONAZOLE
	(Orbit) 3.6 EC	4 fl oz/acre		0
	(Bumper) 41.8 EC	4 fl oz/acre		0
	MODE OF ACTION: A DMI (Group 3)1 triazole fungicide.
	COMMENTS: A DMI-triazole fungicide. Do not apply to "Stanley" type plums. Do not apply more than 8 oz/acre/crop from early bloom through petal fall and 8 oz/acre/crop from petal fall to harvest.
B.	THIOPHANATE METHYL			1
	(Topsin-M) 70W	8 oz/100gal
	MODE OF ACTION: A MBC (Group 1)1 thiophanate fungicide.
	COMMENTS: A benzimidazole fungicide. Do not apply more than two applications before alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action.
C.	PYRACLOSTROBIN/BOSCALID
	(Pristine)	10.5–14.5 oz/acre		0
	MODE OF ACTION: A Qol (Group 11)1 and carboxamide (Group 7)1 fungicide.
	COMMENTS: A strobilurin/carboxyanilide fungicide.
D.	MYCLOBUTANIL			0
	(Rally) 40W	2.5–6 oz/acre
	MODE OF ACTION: A DMI (Group 3)1 triazole fungicide.
	COMMENTS: A DMI-triazole fungicide. Do not apply more than 2.75 lb/acre/season.
E.	SULFUR DUST#		50 lb/acre	0
	MODE OF ACTION: A multi-site contact (Group M2)1 inorganic fungicide.
	COMMENTS: Do not apply within 3 weeks of an oil application.
F.	WETTABLE SULFUR#		5–10 lb/100 gal water
	MODE OF ACTION: A multi-site contact (Group M2)1 inorganic fungicide.
	COMMENTS: Do not apply within 3 weeks of an oil application.
G.	WETTABLE SULFUR#
	. . . PLUS . . .
	LIQUID LIME SULFUR#		Label rates
	MODE OF ACTION: A multi-site contact (Group M2)1 inorganic fungicide.
	COMMENTS: Do not apply within 3 weeks of an oil application.
	+  P.H.I. = preharvest interval. Do not apply within this many days of harvest. #  Acceptable for use on organically grown produce. 1 Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions. Fungicides with a different group number are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program. For more information, see http://www.frac.info/.

More information on plum fungicides

• General properties
• Efficacy on plum diseases
• Treatment timing

PUBLICATION

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Plum
UC ANR Publication 3462
Diseases
W. D. Gubler, Plant Pathology, UC Davis
J. E. Adaskaveg, Plant Pathology, UC Riverside
K. R. Day, UC Cooperative Extension, Tulare County
Acknowledgment for contributions to the diseases section:
B. L. Teviotdale, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier

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