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How to Manage Pests

UC Pest Management Guidelines

| More pests | More crops | About guidelines |

Small Grains

Relative Toxicities of Insecticides and Miticides Used in Small Grains to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

(Reviewed 2/07, updated 2/07)

In this Guideline:

Common name (trade name and formulation) Mode of action 1 Selectivity2
(affected groups)		 Predatory mites 3 General predators 4 Parasites 4 Honey bees 5 Duration of impact
to natural enemies 6
Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki 11.B2 narrow (caterpillars) L L L IV none
carbofuran (Furadan F) 1A broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban EC) 1B broad (insects, mites) M H H I moderate
dimethoate (EC) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H I moderate/long
disulfoton granular 1B — L L L IV short
malathion (EC) 1B broad (insects, mites) H H H II short/moderate
methomyl (Lannate SP) 1A broad (insects, mites) H H H III short/moderate
methyl parathion (Penncap-M) 1B — M M M I —

H   = high
M   = moderate
L   = low
—   = no information
 
1 Modes of action are important in preventing the development of resistance to pesticides. Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action is assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/.
2 Selectivity: Broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
3 Generally, toxicites are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis.
4 Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
5 Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants; II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW591.
6 Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.

[Precautions]

PUBLICATION

[UC Peer Reviewed]

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Small Grains
UC ANR Publication 3466
General Information
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.

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Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
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For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manage pests, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. /PMG/r730000511.html revised: February 12, 2007. Contact webmaster.