How to Manage Pests

1	Chemical class: B = botanical; C = carbamate; CON = contact including smothering and barrier effect; I = inorganic; IGR = insect growth regulator; M = microbial; N = neonicotinoid; OC = organochlorine; OP = organophosphate; P = pyrethroid; PA = pyridine azomethine; TZ = triazine
2	Modes of action are important in preventing the development of resistance to pesticides. Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action group number more than twice per season. For example, the organophos-phates have a group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a group number other than 1B. Mode of action is assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). For additional information, see their Web site at http://www.irac-online.org/
3	Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups.
4	Generally, toxicities are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. Where differences have been measured in toxicity of the pesticides-resistant strain versus the native strain, these are listed as pesticide-resistant strain/native strain.
5	Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate.
6	Ratings are as follows: I = Do not apply to blooming plants. II = Apply only during late evening; III = Apply only during late evening, night, or early morning; and IV = Apply at any time with reasonable safety to bees. If marked with an asterisk (*), the rating is the next higher rating for lower label rates. For more information, see How to Reduce Bee Poisoning From Pesticides, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication PNW518.
7	Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months.
8	May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations
9	Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly larva) when sprayed and shortly after (8-24 hrs.).