Authors
Cheryl A. Reynolds, Interactive Web Developer, Statewide IPM Program, University of California
Mary Louise Flint, Extension Entomologist and Director, IPM Education and Publications, Statewide IPM Program, University of California

Computer systems and software consultant
Joyce Fox Strand, Computer Systems Manager, Statewide IPM Program, University of California

Major Contributors
Pamela Geisel, Farm Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno County
Victor Gibeault, Environmental Horticulturist, University of California, Riverside
Ali Harivandi, Environmental Horticulture Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, Alameda, Contra Costa, and Santa Clara Counties
Frank Wong, UC Cooperative Extension Specialist, University of California, Riverside

Much of the information included in this module was compiled from several UC ANR publications on turfgrass management. See the references for more information.

Photography
Jack Kelly Clark, Principal Photographer, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Communication Services, University of California
Steven Lock, Senior Photographer, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Communication Services, University of California
Other photographers as noted in the turf module

Illustrations
Section 1: Christine M. Dewees (majority of illustrations); other drawings taken from Madison, J. H., W. B. Davis, and V. A. Gibeault. 1980. Know Your Turfgrasses. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat. Res. Leaflet. 2585; a few drawings repeated in Section 4.

Sections 2 -5: Cheryl Reynolds

Map of California adapted from Hartin, J., P. M. Geisel, and C. L. Unruh. 2001. Lawn Watering Guide for California. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8044.

Weeds and weed mananagement illustrations adapted from the following:

Georgia, A. E. 1914. A Manual of Weeds. New York: The Macmillan Company.

USDA ARS. 1971. Common Weeds of the United States. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Eriophyid mite taken from Kono, T. and C. S. Papp. 1977. Handbook of Agricultural Pests: Aphids, Thrips, Mites, Snails, and Slugs. Sacramento: Department of Food and Agriculture Division of Plant Industry.

Funding support
This material is based upon work supported by the following groups:

• The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2001-41530-01181 and Agreement No. 2001-34103-10568. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture.
• Elvenia J. Slosson Ornamental Horticulture Research Endowment
• The University of California Center for Pest Management Research and Extension
• The Statewide IPM Program

Special thanks
The following persons generously provided information, offered suggestions, reviewed drafts, or otherwise helped in preparing this tutorial:
J. Ole Becker
Troy Birdeau
Peter Boffey (Pacific Coast Seed)
Robert Bugg
Stephen Cockerham
Sharon Collman
Heather Costa
Joe DiTomaso
Steve Dreistadt
Buz Dreyer
Clyde Elmore
Brad Gay
JB’s Power Equipment
Bobby Joyner
Sandy Kelley
John Kobler
Michelle Le Strange
Ed Morgan
Eric B. Nelson
Gale Perez
Redwood Barn Nursery
Keith Reynolds
David J. Shetlar
Sierra Sod and Supply
Ryan Sinclair
Dr. Peter and Carol Valk
Cheryl Wilen
Lin Wu

We encourage you to use the information on these pages for educational purposes. See our use guidelines for more information.